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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Hydrogen– Here are all the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12. This solution contains questions, answers, images, explanations of the complete chapter 1 titled Hydrogen taught in Class 11. If you are a student of Class 11 who is using NCERT Textbook to study Chemistry, then you must come across chapter 12 Hydrogen After you have studied the lesson, you must be looking for answers of its questions. Here you can get complete NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Hydrogen in one place.

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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry - some basic principles and techniques

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Class 11
Subject Chemistry
Book Chemistry Part I
Chapter Number 12
Chapter Name

Organic Chemistry - some basic principles and techniques

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Chemistry chapter 12 Organic Chemistry - some basic principles and techniques

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques Download

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Question & Answer

Q.1: What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ? 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}\), 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) , 
\( \left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}\),
\( \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CHCN}\), 
\( \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{6}} \mathrm{H}_{6}\)

Ans : (i) \( \stackrel{1}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}_{2}=\stackrel{2}{\mathrm{C}}=0\)
C-1 is \( s p^{2}\) hybridised
C-2 is sp hybridised


(ii) \( \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)
C-1 is \( s p^{3}\) hybridised
C-2 is \( s p^{2}\) hybridised
C-3 is \( s p^{2}\) hybridised


(iii) \( \left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}\)
C-1 is \( s p^{3}\) hybridised
C-2 is \( s p^{2}\) hybridised
C-3 is \( s p^{3}\) hybridised


(iv) \( \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CHCN}\)
C-1 is \( s p^{2}\) hybridised
C-2 is \( s p^{2}\) hybridised
C-3 is sp hybridised


(v) \( \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{6}} \mathrm{H}_{6}\)
All carbon atoms in benzene are  \( s p^{2}\) hybridised. 
Q.2: Indicate the σ and π bonds in the following molecules : 
\( \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{6}} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) , 
\( \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{6}} \mathrm{H}_{Q12}\), 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) , 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NO}_{2}\), 
\( \mathrm{HCONHCH}_{3}\)

Ans : (i) \( \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{e}} \mathrm{H}_{6}\)

There are six C-C sigma bonds , six C-H bonds , and three \( C=C\) resonating bonds in the given compound.


(ii) \( \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{6}} \mathrm{H}_{12}\)

There are six C-C sigma bonds , twelve C-H bonds sigma in the given compound.


(iii) \( \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), 

There are two C-H sigma bonds , two C-Cl bonds sigma in the given compound.


(iv) \( \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) , 

There are two C-C sigma bonds , four C-H bonds and two C=C \( \pi\) bonds in the given compound.


(v) \( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NO}_{2} \), 

There are three C-H sigma bonds , one C-N sigma bond and one N-O sigma bond and one N=O \( \pi\) bond in the given compound.


(vi) \( \mathrm{HCONHCH}_{3} \)

There are two C-N sigma bonds , four C-H sigma bond , N-H sigma bond and one C=O  \( \pi\) bond in the given compound. 
Q.3: Write bond line formulas for : Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4- one.

Ans : The bond line formulate of the given compounds are:
 
Q.4: Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned ? 
(a) 2,2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane 
(b) 2,4,7- Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane 
(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane 
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne.

Ans : (a) The prefix di in tine IUPAC narne Indicates that two identical substituent groups are  present in the parent chain. Since two methyl groups are present in the of the C-2 of the parent chain of the given compound, the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is 2,2-dimethylpentane.
(b) locant number 2, 4, 7 is lower than 2 , 5, 7 hence ,the IUPAC name of the given compound is 2,4,7-trimethyloctane.
(c) It the substituents are present in the equivalent position ot the parent chain, then the lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to the Alphabetical order. Hence, the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is 2-chIcro -4-methylpentane.
(d) Two functional  groups — alcoholic and alkyne -are  present in the given compound, The principal functional group is the alcoholic group. Hence, the parent chain will be suffixed with ol.The alkyne group is present in of the  C-3 of the present chain . hence,the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is but But-3-yn-1-ol. 
Q.5: Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds. 
(a) \( \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{COOH}\)
(b) \( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\)
(c) \( \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)

Ans : The first five members of homogeneous series beginning with the given compounds are shown as follows:
(a)
\( \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{COOH}\)  - methanoic acid
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{COOH}\)   -ethanoic acid
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}\)   -propanoic acid
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}\)  -Butanoic acid
\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}\) -pentanoic acid
(b)
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\)  - propanone 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)  -butanone 
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)   -pentan-2-one
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)  -Hexan-2-one
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)   - Heptan-2-one 
(c)
\( \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)  -Ethene
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)  -  propene
\( \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)   -  1-Butene
\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)  - 1-pentene
\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)- 1- Hexene

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