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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Sociology Chapter 4 Culture And Socialisation – Here are all the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Sociology Chapter 4. This solution contains questions, answers, images, explanations of the complete chapter 4 titled Of Culture And Socialisation taught in Class 11. If you are a student of Class 11 who is using NCERT Textbook to study Sociology, then you must come across chapter 4 Culture And Socialisation After you have studied lesson, you must be looking for answers of its questions. Here you can get complete NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Sociology Chapter 4 Culture And Socialisation in one place.

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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Sociology Chapter 4 Culture And Socialisation

Here on AglaSem Schools, you can access to NCERT Book Solutions in free pdf for Sociology for Class 11 so that you can refer them as and when required. The NCERT Solutions to the questions after every unit of NCERT textbooks aimed at helping students solving difficult questions.

For a better understanding of this chapter, you should also see summary of Chapter 4 Culture And Socialisation , Sociology, Class 11.

Class 11
Subject Sociology
Book Introducing Sociology
Chapter Number 4
Chapter Name

Culture And Socialisation

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Sociology chapter 4 Culture And Socialisation

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Question & Answer

Q.1: How does the understanding of culture in social science differ from the everyday use of the word ‘culture’?

Ans : The use of the word 'culture' in everyday life is limited, which refers to the artistic performances such as dance, music, painting, drama etc. But social science understands culture in a scientific and prescribed way that is not only limited to drawing and painting but more than it. 
Culture has shaped our life and the society as a whole. In sociological terms, culture implies the common understanding which is learnt and developed through social interaction and then passed on to the next generation. Therefore, in everyday use, the term culture is used for individuals, whereas in sociology, it is used to denote the entire group or the society. 
Edward Tylor was the first anthropologist to define culture that includes abstract and intangible dimensions. Later, Bronislaw Malinowski defined culture, which included the use of materials as well. 
Q.2: How can we demonstrate that the different dimensions of culture comprise a whole?

Ans : There are three dimensions of culture cognitive, normative and material that comprise a whole.
(i) Cognitive: It refers to how we learn to process what we see and hear so as to give it a meaning. For example, looking at a flag and associating it with the country to which it belongs. Symbolising the waving of hand as a means of saying goodbye. Thus, every culture has given a different meaning to different actions. 
(ii) Normative: It refers to the rules of conduct. Every society has some rules according to which its members have to behave. As a result, this behaviour and action of the individuals become the culture of that society. 
(iii) Material: It includes any activity which is made possible by the means of materials. It also includes tools and machines, which is said to be a part of the culture. 
In the present industrial societies, advanced technology and machines are used. Some societies use them in abundance such as, USA while some do not make much use of it, such as Afghanistan. Thus, use of various materials in different ways for various purposes shows the culture of that society. 
Therefore, culture can be identified as material and non-material. For the proper and integrated functioning of the culture, both material and non-material dimensions work together as a whole. The use of materials having different notions and ways of understanding different signs and symbols with certain rules of conduct as a whole describes the culture of that society. 
Q.3: Compare two cultures with which you are familiar. Is it difficult not to be 
ethnocentric?

Ans : The two cultures with which we are familiar are: 
(i) Urban culture 
(ii) Rural culture 
The urban culture represents the life in a city, while the rural culture represents the life in a village. In a city, there are industries for people to work with machines, on the other hand, in a village people work in farms to produce crops. The life in villages is simpler and traditional as compared to that of the life in a city. In a city, there is an emphasis on individualism, while in villages more importance is given to groups.
Hence, the way of life, culture, occupation and thinking is different in urban and rural areas. 
Ethnocentrism means giving value to one's own culture and regarding the other culture as inferior. Yes, it is difficult not to be ethnocentric because people mostly give value and superiority to one's own culture. If we compare the villages and cities, it would be obvious that the villagers carry the notion that their culture is better because it is embedded with societal norms, values and traditions. On the other hand, the city dwellers would consider their culture superior because it is modern and liberal. 
Historically also, the colonialists considered their culture superior and better to that of the colonised countries. The notion of ethnocentrism generates differences and wars between many ethnic and racial groups. For example, the riots of Godhra and Babri Masjid were a result of ethnocentrism. Therefore, it is correct to say that it is difficult for people not to be ethnocentric even in contemporary societies. 
Q.4: Discuss two different approaches to studying cultural change.

Ans : Cultural change is a way in which society changes its patterns of culture. Cultural change takes place through the process of adaptation, contact with other cultures and changes in the natural environment. This change is associated with many sources that can be external factors or can be the internal adjustments of the culture. There are Wvo different approaches of cultural change:
(i) Evolutionary 
(ii) Revolutionary 
Evolutionary change is slow, for instance in the case of education. In ancient times, the individuals were often taught orally. Gradually with the discovery of paper, writing and publication of books started. Eventually, new subjects were introduced according to the need of the society. Further, with the introduction of industrialisation, focus on professional courses also increased and with the introduction of information technology and globalisation the new ways of teaching emerged. Finally, several instruments and gadgets like computer and use of internet was invented. 
Contrary to this, revolutionary change is fast. For instance, revolutionary change takes place through political intervention, as in the case of France. After the French Revolution the estate system of ranking was destroyed and the values of liberty and equality in the society were established. This was a radical change in the society and its culture. 
Q.5: Is cosmopolitanism something you associate with modernity? Observe and give examples of ethnocentrism.

Ans : Cosmopolitanism means valuing other cultures for their difference. A cosmopolitan perception is always ready to adapt other cultures and share its own culture with others. 
In this process of sharing, neither foreign culture becomes the legitimate part of one's own culture, nor does the indigenous culture lose its base. Hence, it respects every culture. 
Cosmopolitanism is associated with modernity, in contemporary period, as it is emerging in most parts of the world. Since modernity has to deal with time, cosmopolitanism is phenomenon of the modern world. Ethnocentrism, on the other hand, refers to the standard cultural values that are considered more superior to that of cultural values of others. For example, the British people were ethnocentric as they regarded the Indian culture as primitive and orthodox. Similarly, the people belonging to cities consider the people of villages inferior to them. The above examples show that unlike cosmopolitanism, ethnocentrism ranks the culture as superior or inferior.

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